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5a: Write programs that display messages, receive keyboard input, and use simple arithmetic expressions in assignment statements
Keyword
Definition
algorithm
step by step instructions to solve a problem (which may or may not involve a computer)
arithmetic expression
a calculation using mathematical operators like add, subtract, division or multiplication
assignment
setting the value of a variable
identifier
the name of a variable
input
data that goes into a program (e.g. something you type in on a keyboard)
output
information that comes out from a program to the real world (e.g. a message on the screen)
program
an algorithm that's written in code so it can be run on a computer
statement
a line of code that tells a program what to do
value
the data stored in a variable
variable
a named location in memory which can store a value. The value can change when the program runs.
5b: Use selection (if-elif-else statements) to control the flow of program execution
Keyword
Definition
condition
an expression which can be calculated into an answer of either True of False
elif
programming statement which only runs the next block if a condition is met but all other linked conditions haven't been met
else
programming statement which runs the next block of code if no other linked conditions have been met
execution
running a program on a computer
expression
combination of values, variables, operators and function calls
if
programming statement which only runs the next block of code if a condition is met
program flow
the order in which the program runs each line (which might not be just top to bottom in order)
selection
statements in code which tell a program which code to execute next by checking if a condition has been met
5c: Locate and correct common syntax errors
Keyword
Definition
indentation error
type of syntax error which happens when lines of code aren't indented correctly (moved across from the left of the screen) to match where python expects them to be
missing colon
a type of syntax error where an indented block of code doesn't have a line above it which ends with a colon
syntax error
a type of error which prevents code from being run which happens when you break the rules of the programming language
unbalanced brackets
a type of syntax error where part of the code isn't surrounded with the correct type of brackets on both sides
unbalanced quotes
a type of syntax error where text isn't surrounded on both sides with the correct type of quotation marks
5d: Create lists and access individual list items
Keyword
Definition
identifier
the name of a list
index
the position in a list (where 0 means the first item in the list)
indexing expression
a calculation (which could be a combination of values, variables, function calls and operators) to work out which position in a list you want to look at
list
data structure which allows python to store multiple values in a specific order within the same variable
values
the data items that are stored within a list
5e: Perform common operations on lists or individual items
Keyword
Definition
append
a method (code you can call) for any list which allows you to insert a new value into a list
identifier
the name of a list
in
python keyword which allows you to check if a value is stored in a list
index
the position in a list (where 0 means the first item in the list)
indexing expression
a calculation (which could be a combination of values, variables, function calls and operators) to work out which position in a list you want to look at
len
built in python function which can work out the length of a list by counting how many values it holds
list
data structure which allows python to store multiple values in a specific order within the same variable
remove
a method (code you can call) for any list which allows you to delete a value from a list
values
the data items that are stored within a list
5f: Use iteration (while statements) to control the flow of program execution
Keyword
Definition
condition
an expression which can be evaluated (calculated or worked out) as either True or False
execute
to make a program run on a computer
expression
a combination of values, variables, function calls and operators
function call
an instruction to run a sub program to calculate something and return the result
iteration
repeating code mutliple times
operator
a symbol that performs an operation (e.g. add or subtract)
program flow
the order in which instructions are executed
value
a number, text or other data item
variable
a name which represents a location in memory which stores a value. The name stays the same but the value might change when the program runs.
while statement
a type of iteration which keeps repeating code as long as a condition is met
5g: Perform common operations on strings or individual characters
Keyword
Definition
=
operator used to assign a string to be stored in a variable
==
operator which can compare two strings to see if they are identical
character
a single letter, numerical digit, punctuation mark or space
concatenate
joining together two strings with the + operator to make one new, longer string
index
the position within a string (where 0 is the first character)
len
built in python function which can work out how long a string is by counting all of the characters
lower
a method that can be called for any string which converts each character into lowercase letters
string
a type of data which is made up of zero or more characters
substring
a smaller part of a string (for example one or more characters in a sentence)
upper
a method that can be called for any string which converts each character into uppercase letters
variable
a named memory location that can be used to store strings or other data
5h: Use iteration (for statements) to iterate over list items
Keyword
Definition
for statement
a type of iteration where you can repeat a block of code for each value in a list
indentation
moving a block of code away from the left side of the code editor so that python knows which lines of code to repeat
iteration
repeating a block of code multiple times
list
a data structure which can store multiple values in a specific order
list items
the values stored in a list
range
python built in function which generates something similar to a list of numbers that starts and stops at certain values
variable
named location in memory that stores a value. The name stays the same but the value can change when the program runs
5i: Perform common operations on lists or strings
Keyword
Definition
append
adding a new value on to the end of a list
concatenate
adding new characters on to the end of a string
in
keyword in python which allows you to check if a value is in a list or a character is in a string
index
the position within a list or string that you want to look at (where 0 is the first position)
indexing expression
a combination of values, variables, function calls and operators which can work out the index of a list or string you want to look at
len
built in python function which finds the length of a list or string by counting how many values of characters it stores
5j: Use iteration (for loops) to iterate over lists and strings
Keyword
Definition
character
an individual letter, digit or punctuation mark
data structure
a special type of variable which can store more than one value
for loop
a type of iteration where a block of code is repeated for each item in a data structure such as a list or string
indentation
moving a block of code over from the left of the code editor so that you know which lines of code should be repeated in a for loop
iteration
repeating a block of code multiple times
len
a built in python function which can find the length of a list or string by counting the values or characters stored inside
list
a data structure which stores multiple values in a specific order (e.g. different colours of the rainbow)
string
a data structure which stores multiple characters in a specific order (e.g. a sentence)
variable
a named location in memory which can store a value. The name doesn't change but the value stored might change when the program runs.
5k: Use variables to keep track of counts and sums
Keyword
Definition
assignment
setting the value stored in a variable to a specific value
increment
an instruction to increase the value stored in a variable by a certain amount (usually increasing it just by one)
operator
a symbol which tells python to perform an operation (e.g. add, subtract, divide or multiply)
output
displaying something to the screen (e.g. the value stored in a variable)
value
the data stored in a variable
variable
a named location in memory which can store a value. The name should describe what data represents and its value might change when the program runs.
5l: Combine key programming language features to develop solutions to meaningful problems
Keyword
Definition
comments
lines of code which are ignored by the computer when you execute the program but which explain the code for any humans who need to change or understand the program
indentation
moving blocks of code away from the left side of the code editor to determine the program flow
input
reading data in from the real world into a python program (e.g. letting the user type something in)
iteration
repeating blocks of code multiple times
output
displaying the results of a program to the user (e.g. showing something on screen with the print function)
process
making a calculation or working something out based on the inputs to a program
program flow
the order in which lines of code are executed
selection
deciding which lines of code to run next based on whether a condition is True or False
